/ The root directory is top-level directory is the File System Hierarchy Standard(FHS). All other directories are subdirectories of root which always mounted on same partition. All directories that are not mounted on separate partition are included in the root's directory partition.
/bin Essential command line utilities. Should not be mounted separately otherwise, it could be difficult to get to these utilities when using a rescue disk. Example- Copy & Move etc.
/boot Includes Linux startup files, including the Linux kernel. If you use multiple kernels, such as for testing a kernel upgrade,increase the size of the partition accordingly.
/dev Hardware and software device drivers for everything from floppy drives to terminals. Do not mount this directory on a separate partition.
/etc Most basic configuration files.Example- passwd & shadow etc.
/home Home directory for almost every local users.
/lib Program libraries for the kernel and various command line utilities.
/media On a Linux system to access files that are not on the hard disk of your computer, you need to make the medium accessible. You do this by mounting it.
/mnt The mount point for removable media, including CD-ROM.
/opt Applications such as Word Perfect or Star office.
/proc Currently running kernel-related processes, including device assignments such as IRQ parts and DMA channels. You can see the hardware information.
/root The home dircetories of root user's.
/run This dircetory is used for run-time configuration. Within this directory, separate subdirectories can be created for different users and processes.
/sbin System administration command.
/srv On some distributions, you will find all files from some important services in this directory. It used to store your entire web server and FTP server file structures on SUSE Linux. red Hat and derivatives don't use /srv but store this type of information in /var.
/sys This directory can be used to store information about the state of your system.
/tmp Temporary files. By default Red Hat Linux deletes all files in this directories periodically.
/usr Small programs accessible to all users. Includes many system administration commands and utilities.
/var Variable data including log files and printer spools.
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